Answers Networks
1) HUB operates on physical layer.
Limited port compare to switch.less speed compare to switch becausemore collision.
Switch operates on data link layer.
To Avoid collision we use switch. In switch Each Port having own collision Domain.
2) A portion of a network that shares a common address component. On TCP/IP networks, subnets are defined as all devices whose IP Address have the same prefix.
Dividing a network into subnets is useful for both security and performance reasons. IP networks are divided using a subnet mask
3) PING stands Packet Internet Gopher. This is a utility for ensuring connectivity between computers . ICMP protocol works behind this utility.
4) The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a protocol for synchronising the clocks of computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. NTP uses UDP as its transport layer. It is designed particularly to resist the effects of variable latency.
5) The OSI model is conceptual representation of the data communication in a computer network. The layered model is to easily intrpret the process of data communication. Different protocols act at diff layers.
The 7 layers from top are: ApplicationPresentationSessionTransportNetworkData lninkPhysical.
Limited port compare to switch.less speed compare to switch becausemore collision.
Switch operates on data link layer.
To Avoid collision we use switch. In switch Each Port having own collision Domain.
2) A portion of a network that shares a common address component. On TCP/IP networks, subnets are defined as all devices whose IP Address have the same prefix.
Dividing a network into subnets is useful for both security and performance reasons. IP networks are divided using a subnet mask
3) PING stands Packet Internet Gopher. This is a utility for ensuring connectivity between computers . ICMP protocol works behind this utility.
4) The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a protocol for synchronising the clocks of computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. NTP uses UDP as its transport layer. It is designed particularly to resist the effects of variable latency.
5) The OSI model is conceptual representation of the data communication in a computer network. The layered model is to easily intrpret the process of data communication. Different protocols act at diff layers.
The 7 layers from top are: ApplicationPresentationSessionTransportNetworkData lninkPhysical.
6) Broadcast Domain: A set of all devices that recieve broadcast frames originating from any device within the set. Broadcast domains are typically bounded by routers (or, in a switched network, by VLANs) because routers do not forward broadcast frames.
Collision Domain: In Ethernet, the network area within which frames that have collided are propagated. Repeaters and Hubs prpagate collisions, LAN switches and bridges do not.
7) A bridge is an layer 2 device - it works based on mac address. bridge is s/w based.It is usually used to bridge 2 networks (or even more in recent times). Bridge is configured by having the the mac address of the switches connected directly to it.
8) CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) is a way to allocate and specify the Internet addresses used in inter-domain routing
9) 1 synchronous txn
2 asynchronous txn
10) VLAN is a technology by which we can administratively assign different ports of the same layer2 switch to different subnetworks. This is particularly useful when different departments of a company have offices in different floors of the same office. The different departments can be connected via a layer2 switch , which is having configuration for other subnetwork also. So practically the same switch acts as if it is more than one. Packets destined for the specific subnetwork are forwarded to those ports only. But the switch does not make any routing decisions. For interconnecting different subnetworks, routers are needed.VLAN essentially provides segmentation between different subnetworks.
Collision Domain: In Ethernet, the network area within which frames that have collided are propagated. Repeaters and Hubs prpagate collisions, LAN switches and bridges do not.
7) A bridge is an layer 2 device - it works based on mac address. bridge is s/w based.It is usually used to bridge 2 networks (or even more in recent times). Bridge is configured by having the the mac address of the switches connected directly to it.
8) CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) is a way to allocate and specify the Internet addresses used in inter-domain routing
9) 1 synchronous txn
2 asynchronous txn
10) VLAN is a technology by which we can administratively assign different ports of the same layer2 switch to different subnetworks. This is particularly useful when different departments of a company have offices in different floors of the same office. The different departments can be connected via a layer2 switch , which is having configuration for other subnetwork also. So practically the same switch acts as if it is more than one. Packets destined for the specific subnetwork are forwarded to those ports only. But the switch does not make any routing decisions. For interconnecting different subnetworks, routers are needed.VLAN essentially provides segmentation between different subnetworks.
21. It is any routing protocol used within an autonomous system (Interior Gateway Protocol) .
22. Autonomous System is a collection of routers under the control of a single administrative authority and that uses a common Interior Gateway Protocol.
23. It is an Internet routing protocol that scales well, can route traffic along multiple paths, and uses knowledge of an Internet's topology to make accurate routing decisions (Open Shortest Path First) .
24. It is a system that performs a protocol translation between different electronic mail delivery protocols.
25. It is the protocol the routers in neighboring autonomous systems use to identify the set of networks that can be reached within or via each autonomous system (Exterior Gateway Protocol).
26. It is a protocol used to advertise the set of networks that can be reached with in an autonomous system. BGP enables this information to be shared with the autonomous system. This is newer than EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) (Border Gateway Protocol) .
27. Along any transmission path from a given source to a given destination, a group of virtual circuits can be grouped together into what is called path.
28. routing depends on ip address : layer 3 s/wrouting depends on mac- address : layer 2 s/w
29. DNS- Domain Name Server or Services.
WINS- Windows Internet Name Service.
DNS is resolve the web site name to IP address or you can say.In WINS used a file name those is LMhost, this file in the System32, and when we put the websit name and its IP address, then it resolve the particular IP address those insert in the LMhost file.
DNS service is used to resolve website names to IP address.
WINS is used to identify computers by their computer names in a LAN.
30) The address for a device as it is identified at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer in the network architecture. MAC address is usually stored in ROM on the network adapter card and is unique.
